固體增塑劑

固(gu)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是相對液(ye)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)提出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)概念，是一種輔助(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，通常與(yu)主(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是促進高分子材(cai)料塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)化(hua)，并抑(yi)制(zhi)主(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)析(xi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。</P><P> 產生背景</P><P> 長(chang)期以來增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)以鄰苯類產品(pin)為主(zhu)，但隨著(zhu)DOP在(zai)(zai)食品(pin)、醫藥(yao)工(gong)業(ye)上的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛，人們發現增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)存在(zai)(zai)析(xi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)風險，尤(you)其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)PVC軟制(zhi)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)電線、電纜(lan)領(ling)域，傳統液(ye)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)均有(you)析(xi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)趨勢 [1-2] ，這對材(cai)料使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)造成不良(liang)(liang)影(ying)響，如(ru)PVC電纜(lan)的(de)(de)力(li)學(xue)性(xing)能、電性(xing)能等(deng)。由此(ci)，需要(yao)(yao)減(jian)少液(ye)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)以降低其(qi)(qi)析(xi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)風險 [3] 。然而增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)減(jian)少勢必會帶來其(qi)(qi)他方面(mian)的(de)(de)問題，如(ru)材(cai)料軟硬度，低溫性(xing)能，拉伸強度劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)斷裂伸長(chang)率等(deng)，由此(ci)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)應運而生。</P><P> 作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原理</P><P> 固(gu)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需具備特定(ding)的(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)組(zu)成，且(qie)要(yao)(yao)有(you)特定(ding)的(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)結構，如(ru)特定(ding)的(de)(de)孔隙(xi)結構。由此(ci)，固(gu)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對DOP等(deng)小分子化(hua)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)吸附性(xing)能 [4] ，從而對小分子增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起到(dao)“固(gu)定(ding)”作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，防止小分子化(hua)合(he)物遷移析(xi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。此(ci)外(wai)，固(gu)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需同PVC分子具有(you)優異的(de)(de)相容性(xing)，這樣兩者才具有(you)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)相互纏結作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，使其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)PVC制(zhi)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)分散(san)性(xing)能。</P><P> 應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)領(ling)域</P><P> 固(gu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)PVC軟制(zhi)品(pin)及(ji)PVC半硬制(zhi)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)，通常與(yu)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，在(zai)(zai)標準(zhun)配方中(zhong)(zhong)加入1-3份的(de)(de)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可明顯改善(shan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)PVC制(zhi)品(pin)的(de)(de)析(xi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)問題。

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